Prevalence of bacteriuria and bacterial resistance in adolescents from the center of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico

Daniela Z. Méndez-Polonieski, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala (UATx), Tlaxcala; Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, UATx, Tlaxcala. Mexico
Pablo Méndez-Hernández, Licenciatura en Naturopatía, Facultad de Agrobiología, UATx, Tlaxcala; Jefatura de Investigación del Hospital General Tlaxcala, Secretaría de Salud de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala; Mexico
Olivier Barbier, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Manolo Ortega-Romero, Unidad de Investigación en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
Juan C. Rubio-Gutiérrez, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Elodia Rojas-Lima, Unidad de Investigación en Salud en el Trabajo, Centro Médico Nacional “Siglo XXI”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
Juana Narvaez-Morales, Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Margarita Martínez-Gómez, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, UATx, Tlaxcala; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Unidad foránea Tlaxcala. Universidad Autónoma de México, Tlaxcala. Mexico
Estela Cuevas-Romero, Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, UATx, Tlaxcala; Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, UATx, Tlaxcala. Mexico
Rosalba Cerón-Meza, Licenciatura en Naturopatía, Facultad de Agrobiología, UATx, Tlaxcala, Mexico
Mara Medeiros, Unidad de Investigación en Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral Óseo, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City; Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico, City. Mexico

Urinary tract infections and bacteriuria are common in the pediatric population, and antibiotic resistance is increasing significantly. Recurrent urinary infections, symptomatic or asymptomatic, are a risk factor for developing chronic kidney disease in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bacteriuria diagnosed by culture to identify the main causal agents and sensitivity to antibiotics in adolescents from the central region of the state of Tlaxcala. A cross-sectional study was carried out among 905 adolescents from 11 to 18 years old who lived in the central region of the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico. Bacteriuria was evaluated by positive nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and urine culture with antibiogram. Multivariate logistic regression models were executed to evaluate the risk of presenting bacteriuria, with a confidence level of 95%. A total of 31 participants had a positive urine culture, with a bacteriuria prevalence of 3.4%, of which 29 cases were asymptomatic. The most frequent agent was Escherichia coli) in both sexes (28.6% in men and 29.7% in women) and regarding bacterial resistance: E. coli presented greater resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim/sulfametoxazol and ceftriaxone. The risk factors associated with bacteriuria were female sex, sexual activity, use of contraceptives, and greater consumption of sweetened beverages. Bacteriuria is common in this adolescent population, so its early identification is necessary to treat it, and to prevent its complications.

Keywords: Bacteriuria. Urinary tract infection. Adolescents. Bacterial resistance. Tlaxcala. Mexico.